40 Important Questions for UPSC, SSC, Banking & All Competitive Exams

Q1. India commissioned its third nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarine (SSBN) in December 2025. What is its name?

A) INS Arighaat
B) INS Aridhaman
C) INS Arisudan
D) INS Chakra

✅ Answer: B) INS Aridhaman

📝 Explanation: India commissioned INS Aridhaman (S4), its third nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarine (SSBN), in Visakhapatnam in December 2025. It follows INS Arihant (2016) and INS Arighaat (August 2024). INS Aridhaman is built under the classified Advanced Technology Vessel (ATV) project at the Ship Building Centre, Visakhapatnam, powered by an 83 MW pressurised water reactor from BARC, and can carry more long-range nuclear-tipped missiles than its predecessors.

Q2. INS Aridhaman’s induction strengthens India’s nuclear triad. What is meant by the “Nuclear Triad”?

A) Three nuclear-armed submarines
B) Ability to launch nuclear weapons from land, air, and sea
C) Three nuclear-armed nations forming an alliance
D) Three layers of missile defence shield

✅ Answer: B) Ability to launch nuclear weapons from land, air, and sea

📝 Explanation: The Nuclear Triad refers to a nation’s ability to deliver nuclear weapons using three platforms: land-based missiles (ICBMs), air-delivered bombs (bomber aircraft), and sea-launched missiles (submarines). INS Aridhaman’s induction completes a critical phase of India’s nuclear triad, strengthening India’s “second-strike” capability and its No First Use (NFU) policy and Credible Minimum Deterrence (CMD).

Q3. India successfully test-fired the K-4 intermediate-range ballistic missile (IRBM) in December 2025. It was launched from which submarine in the Bay of Bengal?

A) INS Arihant
B) INS Aridhaman
C) INS Arighaat
D) INS Sindhukesari

✅ Answer: C) INS Arighaat

📝 Explanation: India test-fired the K-4 intermediate-range ballistic missile (IRBM) in December 2025 from INS Arighaat in the Bay of Bengal. The K-4 is designed to hit targets up to 3,500 km away, significantly expanding India’s undersea nuclear strike range. This test demonstrated the growing readiness of India’s submarine-launched ballistic missile (SLBM) capability.

Q4. DRDO successfully completed User Evaluation Trials (UET) of the next-generation Akash-NG missile system in December 2025. Akash-NG is which type of missile system?

A) Anti-ship missile
B) Surface-to-air missile (SAM)
C) Ballistic missile
D) Anti-tank guided missile

✅ Answer: B) Surface-to-air missile (SAM)

📝 Explanation: The Akash-NG (Next Generation Akash) is an indigenously developed Surface-to-Air Missile (SAM) system designed to intercept aircraft, drones, cruise missiles, and high-speed targets. It uses an indigenous Radio Frequency (RF) seeker, dual-pulse solid rocket motor, and the Rajendra radar system for tracking. Its development is a key milestone under Atmanirbhar Bharat in critical missile technologies.

Q5. INS Sindhughosh was decommissioned in December 2025. It was the lead submarine of which class of diesel-electric submarines in the Indian Navy?

A) Scorpène class
B) Type 214 class
C) Kilo class
D) HDW Type 1500 class

✅ Answer: C) Kilo class

📝 Explanation: INS Sindhughosh (S55), the lead Kilo-class diesel-electric submarine, was decommissioned after 40 years of service in a ceremony at Naval Dockyard, Mumbai on December 19, 2025, presided over by Vice Admiral Krishna Swaminathan. The Kilo-class submarines were acquired from the Soviet Union/Russia in the 1980s and significantly enhanced India’s underwater combat capabilities for four decades.

Q6. India launched the first-ever Organised Crime Network Database (OCND) in December 2025. Who launched it at the Anti-Terror Conference-2025?

A) PM Narendra Modi
B) NSA Ajit Doval
C) Home Minister Amit Shah
D) Defence Minister Rajnath Singh

✅ Answer: C) Home Minister Amit Shah

📝 Explanation: On December 26, 2025, Union Home Minister Amit Shah launched India’s first-ever national-level Organised Crime Network Database (OCND) at the Anti-Terror Conference-2025 held in New Delhi. The OCND is an AI-powered analytical platform that allows investigating officers to instantly retrieve comprehensive information on organised criminals by aggregating FIRs, charge sheets, and dossiers from all states through NATGRID integration.

Q7. Good Governance Day is observed on December 25 every year. It was declared in 2014 to honour whose birth anniversary?

A) Dr. B.R. Ambedkar
B) Atal Bihari Vajpayee
C) Chaudhary Charan Singh
D) Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru

✅ Answer: B) Atal Bihari Vajpayee

📝 Explanation: Good Governance Day (Sushasan Diwas) is observed every year on December 25 to honour the birth anniversary of former PM Atal Bihari Vajpayee. In December 2025, PM Modi inaugurated the Rashtra Prerna Sthal in Lucknow on his 101st birth anniversary. The 2025 Good Governance Week had the theme “Prashasan Gaon Ki Ore (Governance Towards Villages)”.

Q8. The Constitution of India was released in Santhali language by President Droupadi Murmu in December 2025. Santhali uses which script?

A) Devanagari
B) Bengali
C) Ol Chiki
D) Oriya

✅ Answer: C) Ol Chiki

📝 Explanation: President Droupadi Murmu released the Constitution of India in Santhali language using the Ol Chiki script in December 2025, coinciding with the 100th year of the Ol Chiki script. Santhali was included in the 8th Schedule of the Constitution through the 92nd Constitutional Amendment Act, 2003. India currently recognises 22 official languages under the 8th Schedule.

Q9. Anu Garg was appointed as the first woman Chief Secretary of which state in December 2025?

A) Telangana
B) West Bengal
C) Odisha
D) Karnataka

✅ Answer: C) Odisha

📝 Explanation: In December 2025, the Government of Odisha appointed Anu Garg, a senior IAS officer, as the Chief Secretary of Odisha, making her the first woman to hold the post in the state. The Chief Secretary is the administrative head of the state government and the senior-most IAS officer in the state.

Q10. India linked NATGRID with the National Population Register (NPR) in December 2025. What does NATGRID stand for?

A) National Agriculture Grid
B) National Intelligence Grid
C) National Technology Grid
D) National Transport Grid

✅ Answer: B) National Intelligence Grid

📝 Explanation: NATGRID (National Intelligence Grid) is India’s integrated intelligence grid that links multiple databases of security agencies, banks, and government bodies for real-time sharing of intelligence data on suspected terrorists and criminals. Linking NATGRID with the National Population Register (NPR) in December 2025 aims to strengthen intelligence gathering, improve criminal investigations, and enhance internal security.

Q11. NITI Aayog released a landmark policy report in December 2025 on the “Internationalisation of Higher Education in India.” What is the key objective of this report?

A) Merging all IITs into one super university
B) Transforming India into a global education destination and research hub
C) Implementing National Education Policy 2020 across all states
D) Setting up 100 new central universities

✅ Answer: B) Transforming India into a global education destination and research hub

📝 Explanation: In December 2025, NITI Aayog released a policy report titled “Internationalisation of Higher Education in India: Prospects, Potential, and Policy Recommendations” with the objective of transforming India into a global education destination and research hub. The report provides a roadmap for attracting foreign students, establishing foreign campuses in India, and creating world-class research institutions.

Q12. India founded the first PPP-model medical colleges, with foundation stones laid in which state in December 2025?

A) Uttar Pradesh
B) Rajasthan
C) Maharashtra
D) Madhya Pradesh

✅ Answer: D) Madhya Pradesh

📝 Explanation: Union Minister JP Nadda, along with MP CM Mohan Yadav, laid foundation stones for India’s first medical colleges under the Public-Private Partnership (PPP) model in Madhya Pradesh in December 2025. The colleges are located in tribal-dominated districts of Dhar (₹260 crore) and Betul (₹300 crore), aiming to address the shortage of doctors in tribal areas.

Q13. ISRO launched the LVM3-M6 mission carrying the BlueBird Block-2 satellite in December 2025. This was in partnership with which US-based company?

A) SpaceX
B) OneWeb
C) AST SpaceMobile
D) Viasat

✅ Answer: C) AST SpaceMobile

📝 Explanation: ISRO launched the LVM3-M6 mission (carrying the BlueBird Block-2 satellite) in December 2025 as part of a commercial agreement with US-based AST SpaceMobile. The satellite was launched from the Second Launch Pad at Satish Dhawan Space Centre (SDSC), Sriharikota. BlueBird Block-2 provides 24/7 high-speed cellular broadband directly to smartphones worldwide without specialised ground hardware.

Q14. ISRO announced plans to use which launch vehicle for its Gaganyaan Human Spaceflight Mission, targeted for 2027?

A) PSLV-XL
B) SSLV (Small Satellite Launch Vehicle)
C) LVM3 (Launch Vehicle Mark 3)
D) Reusable Launch Vehicle (RLV)

✅ Answer: C) LVM3 (Launch Vehicle Mark 3)

📝 Explanation: ISRO announced plans to use the Launch Vehicle Mark 3 (LVM3), formerly known as GSLV Mk III, for the ambitious Gaganyaan Human Spaceflight Mission, targeted for 2027. The LVM3 is ISRO’s most powerful launch vehicle with a payload capacity of 10 tonnes to LEO. The Gaganyaan mission aims to send Indian astronauts (Gaganauts) to low Earth orbit.

Q15. A Chennai-based team named ‘Photonics Odyssey’ won the Most Inspirational Award at which prestigious global competition for their satellite broadband concept?

A) Google Science Fair
B) MIT Innovation Challenge
C) NASA International Space Apps Challenge 2025
D) ISRO Young Scientist Programme

✅ Answer: C) NASA International Space Apps Challenge 2025

📝 Explanation: A Chennai-based team, Photonics Odyssey, won the Most Inspirational Award at the NASA International Space Apps Challenge 2025. They proposed a sovereign satellite-based broadband infrastructure using an indigenous phased-array satellite internet system aimed at expanding high-speed internet access in remote, rural, and underserved regions of India, reducing dependence on ground-based networks.

Q16. Bamboo shrimp (Atyopsis spinipes) was rediscovered in India after 72 years in December 2025. In which two states was it found?

A) Kerala and Tamil Nadu
B) Karnataka and Odisha
C) Assam and Meghalaya
D) Andhra Pradesh and Telangana

✅ Answer: B) Karnataka and Odisha

📝 Explanation: Bamboo shrimp (Atyopsis spinipes) was rediscovered in India after 72 years in Karnataka and Odisha in December 2025. The rediscovery was made by researchers from the Centre for Climate Change Studies at Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai. Bamboo shrimp are filter feeders native to Southeast Asia, using fan-like limb structures to capture particles from flowing water.

Q17. India’s first indigenous MRI scanner was deployed at Chandrapur Cancer Care Foundation near Nagpur. It was developed by which company backed by Zoho?

A) Niramai Health Analytix
B) VoxelGrids
C) Qure.ai
D) SigTuple Technologies

✅ Answer: B) VoxelGrids

📝 Explanation: Zoho-backed VoxelGrids developed and deployed India’s first indigenous Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scanner at Chandrapur Cancer Care Foundation near Nagpur in December 2025. This milestone reduces India’s dependence on costly foreign medical imaging equipment and is a significant step toward healthcare self-reliance under the Atmanirbhar Bharat initiative.

Q18. The Asian Development Bank (ADB) committed how much in sovereign lending to India in 2025?

A) USD 2.5 billion
B) USD 3.1 billion
C) USD 4.258 billion
D) USD 5.8 billion

✅ Answer: C) USD 4.258 billion

📝 Explanation: The Asian Development Bank (ADB) committed USD 4.258 billion in sovereign lending to India in 2025 to support skilling, renewable energy, urban infrastructure, transport, healthcare, and ecotourism. Out of 16 newly committed projects, 32% focused on human and social development, 26% on energy (mainly renewables), and 18% on urban development. USD 846 million was approved for PM-SETU to modernise ITIs.

Q19. The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) approved a new risk-based deposit insurance premium framework in December 2025. Under which body does this scheme operate?

A) SEBI
B) IRDAI
C) DICGC
D) NABARD

✅ Answer: C) DICGC

📝 Explanation: The RBI approved a risk-based deposit insurance premium framework in December 2025 for banks, replacing the existing flat-rate premium system under the Deposit Insurance and Credit Guarantee Corporation (DICGC) scheme. Under this new framework, financially sound banks with strong capital adequacy and better asset quality will pay lower insurance premiums, while weaker banks may pay higher premiums — creating stronger incentives for financial discipline.

Q20. Madhya Pradesh introduced which new budget system from financial year 2026–27, becoming the first state to do so?

A) Zero-Based Budget
B) Gender Budget
C) Rolling Budget
D) Participatory Budget

✅ Answer: C) Rolling Budget

📝 Explanation: Madhya Pradesh decided to introduce a Rolling Budget system from financial year 2026–27, becoming the first Indian state to adopt this budgetary approach. A Rolling Budget (or continuous budget) is updated periodically — usually monthly or quarterly — with a new period added as the old one ends, providing greater flexibility and more accurate financial planning compared to traditional annual budgeting.

Q21. India and New Zealand concluded negotiations on the Financial Services Annex of their Free Trade Agreement (FTA) in December 2025. Under which category does a “Financial Services Annex” primarily deal?

A) Agricultural tariffs and food safety
B) Banking, insurance, and financial sector market access
C) Digital trade and e-commerce rules
D) Environmental standards and carbon markets

✅ Answer: B) Banking, insurance, and financial sector market access

📝 Explanation: India and New Zealand concluded negotiations on the Financial Services Annex of their Free Trade Agreement (FTA) on December 22, 2025, strengthening bilateral economic ties. A Financial Services Annex in an FTA primarily deals with banking, insurance, and financial sector market access, enabling financial institutions from both countries to operate more freely in each other’s markets.

Q22. BSE reconstituted the BSE BANKEX index in December 2025. How many banking stocks does the BSE BANKEX now include after reconstitution?

A) 10
B) 12
C) 14
D) 16

✅ Answer: C) 14

📝 Explanation: BSE implemented the reconstitution of the BSE BANKEX index effective December 26, 2025. Four banks — Canara Bank, AU Small Finance Bank, Punjab National Bank (PNB), and Union Bank of India — were added, bringing the total to 14 banking stocks. A new weighting structure caps the combined weight of top 3 stocks at 45% and top 5 at 60% to improve diversification.

Q23. The 15th International Sand Art Festival 2025 was inaugurated at which beach location, near a UNESCO World Heritage Site?

A) Puri Beach, Odisha
B) Chandrabhaga Beach, Konark, Odisha
C) Juhu Beach, Mumbai
D) Marina Beach, Chennai

✅ Answer: B) Chandrabhaga Beach, Konark, Odisha

📝 Explanation: CM Mohan Charan Majhi inaugurated the 15th International Sand Art Festival 2025, along with the 36th Konark Festival, at Chandrabhaga Beach near Konark, Odisha. The events were held near the UNESCO World Heritage Konark Sun Temple. Konark’s sand art festival is internationally renowned, with artists from across the world creating intricate sculptures on the beach.

Q24. NASA’s Perseverance Rover made a major breakthrough in December 2025 by detecting which phenomenon in the Martian atmosphere for the first time?

A) Liquid water beneath the Martian surface
B) Methane gas emissions
C) Electrical activity
D) Oxygen-producing bacteria

✅ Answer: C) Electrical activity

📝 Explanation: NASA’s Perseverance Rover made a major scientific breakthrough by detecting electrical activity in the Martian atmosphere for the first time in December 2025. Perseverance (nicknamed “Percy”), part of the Mars 2020 Mission, landed in 2021 in Jezero Crater. It is the first rover to record sounds on Mars and is designed to search for signs of past life and collect rock samples for future return to Earth.

Q25. Which African country became the first in the African Region to eliminate onchocerciasis (river blindness) in December 2025?

A) Nigeria
B) Ethiopia
C) Ghana
D) Niger

✅ Answer: D) Niger

📝 Explanation: Niger became the first country in the African Region to eliminate onchocerciasis, also known as river blindness, in December 2025. Onchocerciasis is a parasitic disease caused by the Onchocerca volvulus worm, transmitted by blackfly bites near fast-flowing rivers. It is one of the leading causes of infectious blindness globally. This elimination represents a major public health victory for Niger and global health organisations.

Q26. Dhanu Yatra, described as the world’s largest open-air theatre festival, was inaugurated in which district of Odisha in December 2025?

A) Puri
B) Cuttack
C) Bargarh
D) Sambalpur

✅ Answer: C) Bargarh

📝 Explanation: Dhanu Yatra, the world’s largest open-air theatre festival, was inaugurated in Bargarh district, Odisha in December 2025. The eleven-day festival transforms Bargarh into the mythical city of Mathura, reenacting Lord Krishna’s life from birth to Kansa’s defeat. The Central Government has granted Dhanu Yatra the status of a National Festival, recognising its unique cultural significance.

Q27. Germany won the FIH Hockey Men’s Junior World Cup 2025 held in Chennai. This was Germany’s how-many-th title in the tournament?

A) Fifth
B) Sixth
C) Seventh
D) Eighth

✅ Answer: C) Seventh

📝 Explanation: Germany won the FIH Hockey Men’s Junior World Cup 2025, which concluded on December 10, 2025 in Chennai. This was Germany’s seventh title in the tournament, cementing their status as the most successful nation in junior men’s hockey history. India, coached by legendary goalkeeper PR Sreejesh, reached the semi-finals before losing to Germany and finished fourth overall.

Q28. Hockey vice-captain Hardik Singh was nominated for which top sports honour in India in December 2025?

A) Arjuna Award
B) Dronacharya Award
C) Major Dhyan Chand Khel Ratna Award
D) Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna Award

✅ Answer: C) Major Dhyan Chand Khel Ratna Award

📝 Explanation: Indian Hockey vice-captain Hardik Singh was nominated for the Major Dhyan Chand Khel Ratna Award (India’s highest sports honour, renamed from Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna in 2021) in December 2025. Hardik Singh has been one of India’s standout hockey players, contributing significantly to India’s Paris Olympics medal campaign and winning the Asia Cup in 2025.

Q29. Actor Alia Bhatt received the inaugural Golden Globe Horizon Award at which international film festival in December 2025?

A) Cannes Film Festival
B) Berlin International Film Festival
C) Toronto International Film Festival
D) Red Sea International Film Festival (Jeddah, Saudi Arabia)

✅ Answer: D) Red Sea International Film Festival (Jeddah, Saudi Arabia)

📝 Explanation: Alia Bhatt received the inaugural Golden Globe Horizon Award at the 5th Red Sea International Film Festival, held in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia in December 2025. The Red Sea International Film Festival focuses on cinema from Africa, the Middle East, and Asia. The Golden Globe Horizon Award specifically recognises international artists who have made a notable global impact.

Q30. India finished at which position in the medal tally at the Asian Youth Para Games 2025, held in Dubai?

A) 5th
B) 6th
C) 7th
D) 8th

✅ Answer: C) 7th

📝 Explanation: India finished 7th in the medal tally at the Asian Youth Para Games 2025 in Dubai, winning a total of 102 medals. The Asian Youth Para Games are a multi-sport event for para-athletes under 22 years of age from across Asia, providing a platform for emerging para-sports talent and preparation for future international competitions including the Paralympic Games.

Q31. Vaibhav Suryavanshi, the 14-year-old cricket prodigy, was awarded the Pradhan Mantri Rashtriya Bal Puraskar in December 2025. Who presented this award?

A) PM Narendra Modi
B) President Droupadi Murmu
C) Vice President C.P. Radhakrishnan
D) Sports Minister Mansukh Mandaviya

✅ Answer: B) President Droupadi Murmu

📝 Explanation: President Droupadi Murmu presented the Pradhan Mantri Rashtriya Bal Puraskar 2025 in December 2025. Among the awardees was Vaibhav Suryavanshi, the 14-year-old cricket prodigy from Bihar, recognised for his outstanding achievements in domestic and Under-19 cricket. The award recognises children under 18 for exceptional achievements, bravery, and exemplary conduct across various fields.

Q32. PV Sindhu was named as the first-ever female brand ambassador for which major public sector bank in December 2025?

A) State Bank of India
B) Bank of Baroda
C) Punjab National Bank
D) Canara Bank

✅ Answer: C) Punjab National Bank

📝 Explanation: In December 2025, PV Sindhu — two-time Olympic badminton medallist — was named the first-ever female brand ambassador of Punjab National Bank (PNB). This appointment leverages Sindhu’s sports achievements and national recognition to promote banking services and financial inclusion, especially among women and youth in India.

Q33. India became the chair of which process in 2025, overseeing the global trade in rough diamonds to prevent financing of conflict?

A) Basel Convention
B) Kimberley Process
C) Rotterdam Convention
D) Stockholm Convention

✅ Answer: B) Kimberley Process

📝 Explanation: India assumed the chairmanship of the Kimberley Process in December 2025. The Kimberley Process Certification Scheme (KPCS) is an international certification initiative established in 2003 to prevent the flow of “conflict diamonds” (blood diamonds) — rough diamonds used to finance wars against governments. India is a major hub for diamond cutting and polishing, making this chairmanship strategically significant.

Q34. Morocco clinched the FIFA Arab Cup title in December 2025. Who did they defeat in the final, and what was the score?

A) Saudi Arabia (2-1)
B) Jordan (3-2 in extra time)
C) Egypt (1-0)
D) Algeria (2-0)

✅ Answer: B) Jordan (3-2 in extra time)

📝 Explanation: Morocco won the FIFA Arab Cup 2025, defeating Jordan 3-2 in extra time in the final. The tournament was hosted in Qatar. This was Morocco’s second FIFA Arab Cup title. The FIFA Arab Cup is a football tournament contested by national teams from the Arab world and is organised by FIFA and the Arab Football Confederation.

Q35. The 11th Conference of State Parties (COSP-11) to the United Nations Convention against Corruption (UNCAC) was held in December 2025 in which city?

A) Vienna, Austria
B) Geneva, Switzerland
C) New York, USA
D) Doha, Qatar

✅ Answer: D) Doha, Qatar

📝 Explanation: The 11th Conference of State Parties (COSP-11) to the United Nations Convention against Corruption (UNCAC) was held in Doha, Qatar in December 2025. UNCAC is the world’s only legally binding universal anti-corruption instrument, adopted by the UN General Assembly in 2003. The COSP brings together member states to review implementation and strengthen global anti-corruption frameworks.

Q36. Three new airlines were granted No-Objection Certificates (NOCs) by India’s Ministry of Civil Aviation in December 2025. Which of the following is NOT one of them?

A) Al Hind Air
B) Shankh Air
C) FlyExpress
D) Sky India

✅ Answer: D) Sky India

📝 Explanation: India’s Ministry of Civil Aviation granted NOCs to three new airlines — Al Hind Air, FlyExpress, and Shankh Air — in December 2025 to boost regional air connectivity. This came in the wake of the IndiGo disruption in early December 2025, where thousands of flights were cancelled due to compliance issues with DGCA’s pilot duty regulations. “Sky India” was not among the approved airlines.

Q37. National Mathematics Day is observed on December 22 every year. Whose birth anniversary does it commemorate?

A) Aryabhatta
B) Srinivasa Ramanujan
C) C.V. Raman
D) Har Gobind Khorana

✅ Answer: B) Srinivasa Ramanujan

📝 Explanation: National Mathematics Day is observed on December 22 every year to commemorate the birth anniversary of Srinivasa Ramanujan (1887–1920), one of India’s greatest mathematicians. Ramanujan was born in Erode, Tamil Nadu, and despite limited formal education, made extraordinary contributions to number theory, infinite series, and continued fractions. He was elected Fellow of the Royal Society in 1918.

Q38. Kisan Diwas (National Farmers’ Day) is celebrated on December 23 every year. It marks the birth anniversary of which former Prime Minister?

A) Lal Bahadur Shastri
B) Morarji Desai
C) Chaudhary Charan Singh
D) V.P. Singh

✅ Answer: C) Chaudhary Charan Singh

📝 Explanation: Kisan Diwas (National Farmers’ Day) is celebrated on December 23 every year to honour the birth anniversary of former Prime Minister Chaudhary Charan Singh (1902–1987), who championed the cause of Indian farmers and rural communities. Chaudhary Charan Singh served as India’s 5th Prime Minister from 1979 to 1980 and introduced several pro-farmer policies during his political career.

Q39. Navy Day is observed every year on December 4 in India. It commemorates which historic naval operation during the 1971 Indo-Pakistan War?

A) Operation Vijay
B) Operation Trident
C) Operation Cactus
D) Operation Meghdoot

✅ Answer: B) Operation Trident

📝 Explanation: Navy Day is observed on December 4 to commemorate Operation Trident, launched on this day in 1971 during the Indo-Pakistan War. In Operation Trident, the Indian Navy successfully attacked Karachi harbour using anti-ship missiles, destroying Pakistan’s fuel reserves, oil tankers, and naval vessels — the first ever use of anti-ship missiles in combat in Asia. It was a decisive victory that demonstrated India’s naval capabilities.

Q40. The National Consumer Day is observed on December 24 every year in India. It marks the anniversary of the enactment of which legislation?

A) Competition Act, 2002
B) Consumer Protection Act, 1986
C) Bureau of Indian Standards Act, 2016
D) Legal Metrology Act, 2009

✅ Answer: B) Consumer Protection Act, 1986

📝 Explanation: National Consumer Day is observed on December 24 to mark the anniversary of the enactment of the Consumer Protection Act, 1986. The day raises awareness about consumer rights and the importance of protecting them. The 1986 Act was subsequently replaced by the Consumer Protection Act, 2019, which expanded protections to include e-commerce and introduced the Central Consumer Protection Authority (CCPA).